compound with the formula CH3CN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile,but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of a crylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.[5] The N≡C−C skeleton is linear with a short C≡N distance of 1.16 Å. A c e t o n i tr i l e was first prepared in 1847 by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas.
A cetonitrile is a byproduct from the manufacture of a crylonitrile. Most is combusted to support the intended process but an estimated several thousand tons are retained for the above-mentioned applications.Production trends for a cetonitrile thus generally follow those of a crylonitrile. A c e t o n i t r i l e can also be produced by many other methods, but these are of no commercial importance as of 2002. Illustrative routes are by dehydration of acetamide or by hydrogenation of mixtures of carbon monoxide and a mmonia.
Product Application
A c e t o n i t r i l e is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries.
In the laboratory, it is used as a medium-polarity solvent that is miscible with water and a range of organic solvents, but not saturated hydrocarbons. It is widely used in battery applications because of its relatively high dielectric constant and ability to dissolve electrolytes.
For similar reasons it is a popular solvent in cyclic voltammetry.
Industrially, it is used as a solvent for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and photographic film.
Organic synthesis
A cetonitrile is a common two-carbon building block in organic synthesis of many useful chemicals, including acetamidine
hydrochloride, thiamine, and α-napthaleneacetic acid. Its reaction with c yanogen chloride affords m alononitrile.
As an electron pair donor
A c e t o n i t r i l e has a free electron pair at the nitrogen atom, which can form many transition metal nitrile complexes.
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